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Experimental studies on the axial crash behavior of aluminum foam-filled hat sections

WANG Qing-chun, FAN Zi-jie, GUI Liang-jin, WANG Zheng-hong, FU Zi-lai

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年 第1卷 第4期   页码 381-387 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0044-9

摘要： Drop hammer tests were carried out to study the axial crash behavior of aluminum foam-filled hat sections. First, the axial crash tests of the empty hat sections, aluminum foam and the aluminum foam-filled hat sections were carried out; then, based upon the test results, the axial crash behavior of the aluminum foam-filled hat sections were analyzed. It was found that aluminum foam filling can increase the energy absorption capacities of the hat sections. Compared with the non-filled structures, aluminum foamfilled structures were much more stable and needed less mass to absorb the specified energy.

关键词： specified energy     aluminum foam-filled     energy absorption     non-filled     Drop hammer    

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Automatic synthesis of advertising images according to a specified style

Wei-tao You, Hao Jiang, Zhi-yuan Yang, Chang-yuan Yang, Ling-yun Sun,weitao_you@zju.edu.cn,jiang_hao@zju.edu.cn,youngs@zju.edu.cn,changyuan.yangcy@alibaba-inc.com

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第21卷 第10期   页码 1413-1534 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900367

摘要： Images are widely used by companies to advertise their products and promote awareness of their brands. The automatic synthesis of advertising images is challenging because the advertising message must be clearly conveyed while complying with the style required for the product, brand, or target audience. In this study, we proposed a to capture individual design attributes and the relationships between elements in advertising images with the aim of automatically synthesizing the input of elements into an advertising image according to a specified style. To achieve this multi-format advertisement design, we created a dataset containing 13 280 advertising images with rich annotations that encompassed the outlines and colors of the elements, in addition to the classes and goals of the advertisements. Using our probabilistic models, users guided the style of synthesized advertisements via additional constraints (e.g., context-based keywords). We applied our method to a variety of design tasks, and the results were evaluated in several perceptual studies, which showed that our method improved users’ satisfaction by 7.1% compared to designs generated by nonprofessional students, and that more users preferred the coloring results of our designs to those generated by the color harmony model and Colormind.
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核能发展国际高端论坛 International Summit on Nuclear Energy Development

会议日期： 2019年05月15日

会议地点： 中国

主办单位： 中国工程院

Microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition promising for efficient energy deployment

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 931-942 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0771-y

摘要： Diverse interactions between microwaves and irradiated media provide a solid foundation for identifying novel organization pathways for energy flow. In this study, a high-energy-site phenomenon and targeted-energy transition mechanism were identified in a particular microwave heating (MH) process. Intense discharges were observed when microwaves were imposed on irregularly sized SiC particles, producing tremendous heat that was 8-fold the amount generated in the discharge-free case. Energy efficiency was thereby greatly improved in the electricity-microwaves-effective heat transition. Meanwhile, the dispersed microwave field energy concentrated in small sites, where local temperatures could reach 2000°C– 4000°C, with the energy density reaching up to 4.0 × 105 W/kg. This can be called a high-energy site phenomenon which could induce further processes or reactions enhancement by coupling effects of heat, light, and plasma. The whole process, including microwave energy concentration and intense site-energy release, shapes a targeted-energy transition mechanism that can be optimized in a controlled manner through morphology design. In particular, the discharge intensity, frequency, and high-energy sites were strengthened through the fabrication of sharp nano/microstructures, conferring twice the energy efficiency of untreated metal wires. The microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition provide an important pathway for high-efficiency energy deployment and may lead to promising applications.

关键词： microwave discharge     high-energy sites     targeted-energy transition     morphology design     energy efficiency    

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核能发展国际高端论坛 International Summit on Nuclear Energy Development

会议日期： 2019年05月15日

会议地点： 中国

主办单位： 中国工程院

Analysis of energy saving optimization of campus buildings based on energy simulation

Dingding TONG, Jing ZHAO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 388-398 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0273-7

摘要： The energy consumption of campus buildings has specific characteristics, because of the concentrated distribution of people’s working time and locations that change in line with distinct seasonal features. The traditional energy system design and operation for campus buildings is only based on the constant room temperature, such as 25°C in summer and 18°C in winter in China, not taking into consideration the real heating or cooling load characteristics of campus buildings with different functions during the whole day and whole year, which usually results in a lot of energy waste. This paper proposes to set different set-point temperatures in different operation stages of public and residential campus buildings to reduce the heating and cooling design load for energy station and total campus energy consumption for annual operation. Taking a campus under construction in Tianjin, China as an example, two kinds of single building models were established as the typical public building and residential building models on the campus. Besides, the models were simulated at both set-point room temperature and constant room temperature respectively. The comparison of the simulation results showed that the single building energy saving method of the peak load clipping could be used for further analysis of the annual energy consumption of campus building groups. The results proved that the strategy of set-point temperature optimization could efficiently reduce the design load and energy consumption of campus building groups.

关键词： campus buildings     set-point temperature     energy simulation     energy saving optimization    

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Modeling China’s energy dilemma: conflicts among energy saving, energy security, and CO 2 mitigation

Feng FU, Zheng LI, Linwei MA,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 295-300 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0104-z

摘要： This study analyzes China’s future energy scenarios stretching until 2050 under different policy portfolios of energy security (e.g., oil import dependency) and CO emissions control. Four scenarios, namely, ① business as usual, ② strong oil import dependency (OID) control, ③ strong CO emissions control, and ④ twofold emphasis on OID and CO emissions control, are designed. The results reveal the existence of conflicts among China’s multiple objectives, particularly energy saving, energy security, and CO mitigation. Based on the analysis, an improvement in China’s efficiency in fossil energy conversion and the promotion of the utilization of non-fossil energy such as nuclear, wind, and hydro energy are recommended. The over-development of coal-derived fuels should also be avoided because of incremental coal consumption and CO emissions. Furthermore, research on and development of carbon capture and storage technologies should be promoted, while the energy efficiency loss caused by integrating these technologies into energy systems should be reduced in view of the high possibility of stricter standards for CO emissions in the future.

关键词： Energy dilemma     energy saving     energy security     CO2 mitigation    

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Blockchain in energy systems: values, opportunities, and limitations

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 9-18 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0818-8

摘要： The structure of a power energy system is becoming more distributed than before. It becomes challenging to manage such a system in a centralized way, because a central authority may not exist or may not be trusted by all parties. Blockchain is a promising tool to address this challenge, by enabling trusted collaboration in the absence of a trusted central authority. Its use in the energy sector has been pioneered by several pilot projects. However, to date the energy sector has not seen large-scale deployment of blockchain, partly because the founders of those pilot projects, the public, and utilities have not reached consensus on the values and limitations of blockchain in energy. This perspective aims to bridge this gap. First, the philosophy and unique values of blockchain are discussed. Second, some promising blockchain-based applications in energy systems are presented. Third, some common misunderstandings of blockchain in energy are discussed. Last, some frequently-asked questions from utilities are discussed. Hopefully this perspective can help advance large-scale deployment of blockchain in energy systems.

关键词： blockchain     immutability     energy trading     energy management     data synchronization    

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Unconventional energy: Seeking the ways to innovate energy science and technology

Jing LIU, Zhixiong GUO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期   页码 195-197 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0568-9

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Impact of household transitions on domestic energy consumption and its applicability to urban energy

Benachir MEDJDOUB, Moulay Larbi CHALAL

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 171-183 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017029

摘要： The household sector consumes roughly 30% of Earth’s energy resources and emits approximately 17% of its carbon dioxide. As such, developing appropriate policies to reduce the CO emissions, which are associated with the world’s rapidly growing urban population, is a high priority. This, in turn, will enable the creation of cities that respect the natural environment and the well-being of future generations. However, most of the existing expertise focuses on enhancing the thermal quality of buildings through building physics while few studies address the social and behavioral aspects. In fact, focusing on these aspects should be more prominent, as they cause between 4% and 30% of variation in domestic energy consumption. Premised on that, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect in the context of the UK of household transitions on household energy consumption patterns. To achieve this, we applied statistical procedures (e.g., logistic regression) to official panel survey data comprising more than 5500 households in the UK tracked annually over the course of 18 years. This helped in predicting future transition patterns for different household types for the next 10 to 15 years. Furthermore, it enabled us to study the relationship between the predicted patterns and the household energy usage for both gas and electricity. The findings indicate that the life cycle transitions of a household significantly influence its domestic energy usage. However, this effect is mostly positive in direction and weak in magnitude. Finally, we present our developed urban energy model “EvoEnergy” to demonstrate the importance of incorporating such a concept in energy forecasting for effective sustainable energy decision-making.

关键词： urban energy planning     household transitions     smart cities     energy forecasting     household projection     serious gaming    

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Linking renewables and fossil fuels with carbon capture via energy storage for a sustainable energy future

Dawid P. Hanak, Vasilije Manovic

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 453-459 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1892-2

摘要： Renewable energy sources and low-carbon power generation systems with carbon capture and storage (CCS) are expected to be key contributors towards the decarbonisation of the energy sector and to ensure sustainable energy supply in the future. However, the variable nature of wind and solar power generation systems may affect the operation of the electricity system grid. Deployment of energy storage is expected to increase grid stability and renewable energy utilisation. The power sector of the future, therefore, needs to seek a synergy between renewable energy sources and low-carbon fossil fuel power generation. This can be achieved via wide deployment of CCS linked with energy storage. Interestingly, recent progress in both the CCS and energy storage fields reveals that technologies such as calcium looping are technically viable and promising options in both cases. Novel integrated systems can be achieved by integrating these applications into CCS with inherent energy storage capacity, as well as linking other CCS technologies with renewable energy sources via energy storage technologies, which will maximise the profit from electricity production, mitigate efficiency and economic penalties related to CCS, and improve renewable energy utilisation.

关键词： carbon capture     energy storage     renewable energy sources     decarbonisation     fossil fuels    

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Levelized costs of the energy chains of new energy vehicles targeted at carbon neutrality in China

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 392-408 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0212-6

摘要： The diffusion of new energy vehicles (NEVs), such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), is critical to the transportation sector’s deep decarbonization. The cost of energy chains is an important factor in the diffusion of NEVs. Although researchers have addressed the technological learning effect of NEVs and the life cycle emissions associated with the diffusion of NEVs, little work has been conducted to analyze the life cycle costs of different energy chains associated with different NEVs in consideration of technological learning potential. Thus, relevant information on investment remains insufficient to promote the deployment of NEVs. This study proposes a systematic framework that includes various (competing or coordinated) energy chains of NEVs formed with different technologies of power generation and transmission, hydrogen production and transportation, power-to-liquid fuel, and fuel transportation. The levelized costs of three typical carbon-neutral energy chains are investigated using the life cycle cost model and considering the technological learning effect. Results show that the current well-to-pump levelized costs of the energy chains in China for BEVs, FCVs, and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) are approximately 3.60, 4.31, and 2.21 yuan/GJ, respectively, and the well-to-wheel levelized costs are 4.50, 6.15, and 7.51 yuan/GJ, respectively. These costs primarily include raw material costs, and they vary greatly for BEVs and FCVs from resource and consumer costs. In consideration of the technological learning effect, the energy chains’ well-to-wheel levelized costs are expected to decrease by 24.82% for BEVs, 27.12% for FCVs, and 19.25% for ICEVs by 2060. This work also summarizes policy recommendations on developing energy chains to promote the diffusion of NEVs in China.

关键词： energy chain     new energy vehicle     internal combustion engine vehicle     life cycle cost     technological learning    

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Energy neutrality potential of wastewater treatment plants: A novel evaluation framework integratingenergy efficiency and recovery

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1549-0

摘要：

• Framework of indicators was established based on energy efficiency and recovery.

关键词： Wastewater treatment plants     Energy neutrality potential     Energy efficiency     Energy recovery     Evaluation framework    

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Energy consumption of 270 schools in Tianjin, China

Jincheng XING,Junjie CHEN,Jihong LING

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 217-230 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0352-z

摘要： With the rapid development of education cause, the increasing energy consumption of school buildings is gradually causing widespread concern in recent years in China. This paper presented an analysis of energy consumption of 270 schools located in the city of Tianjin, China. The analysis focused specifically on calculating the space heating energy consumption indexes and non-heating energy consumption indexes of different types of schools, aiming at providing reliable and precise data for the government to elaborate policies and measures. The space heating energy consumption of schools adopting district heating and gas boiler were 92.04 kWh/(m ·a) and 64.25 kWh/(m ·a), respectively. Comparing to the schools without a canteen, the non-heating energy consumption index of schools with a canteen can increase by 8%–37%. Furthermore, clustering of different energy sources, the total primary energy consumption indexes were also presented. Space heating energy consumption accounted for approximately 64%–79% of the total primary energy consumption. When using time-sharing control and self-contained gas boiler instead of district heating, an amount of almost 27.8 kWh/(m ·a) and 77.5 kWh/(m ·a) can be saved respectively. Through extensive statistical analysis of the data collected, this paper demonstrated that gross floor area, heating energy source and canteen had a close relationship with the total primary energy consumption regarding complete schools. Eventually, a linear regression equation was established to make a simple prediction about the total energy consumption of existing complete schools and to estimate the energy consumption of complete schools to be built.

关键词： schools     energy consumption index     primary energy     energy saving     regression analysis    

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Water, energy and food interactions–Challenges and opportunities

Gustaf OLSSON

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第5期   页码 787-793 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0526-z

摘要： Water and energy are inextricably linked, and as a consequence both have to be addressed together. This is called the water-energy nexus. When access to either is limited, it becomes obvious that it is necessary to consider their interdependence. Population growth, climate change, urbanization, increasing living standards and food consumption will require an integrated approach where food, water and energy security are considered together. In this paper we examine water, energy and food security and their couplings. The nexus also creates conflicts between water use, energy extraction and generation as well as food production. Some of these conflicts are illustrated. It is argued that there is an urgent need for integrated planning and operation. Not only will better technology be needed, but also better integration of policies, organizations and political decisions.

关键词： water security     energy security     food security     water-energy nexus     water conflicts    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Experimental studies on the axial crash behavior of aluminum foam-filled hat sections

WANG Qing-chun, FAN Zi-jie, GUI Liang-jin, WANG Zheng-hong, FU Zi-lai

期刊论文

Automatic synthesis of advertising images according to a specified style

Wei-tao You, Hao Jiang, Zhi-yuan Yang, Chang-yuan Yang, Ling-yun Sun,weitao_you@zju.edu.cn,jiang_hao@zju.edu.cn,youngs@zju.edu.cn,changyuan.yangcy@alibaba-inc.com

期刊论文

核能发展国际高端论坛 International Summit on Nuclear Energy Development

2019年05月15日

会议信息

Microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition promising for efficient energy deployment

期刊论文

核能发展国际高端论坛 International Summit on Nuclear Energy Development

2019年05月15日

会议信息

Analysis of energy saving optimization of campus buildings based on energy simulation

Dingding TONG, Jing ZHAO

期刊论文

Modeling China’s energy dilemma: conflicts among energy saving, energy security, and CO 2 mitigation

Feng FU, Zheng LI, Linwei MA,

期刊论文

Blockchain in energy systems: values, opportunities, and limitations

期刊论文

Unconventional energy: Seeking the ways to innovate energy science and technology

Jing LIU, Zhixiong GUO

期刊论文

Impact of household transitions on domestic energy consumption and its applicability to urban energy

Benachir MEDJDOUB, Moulay Larbi CHALAL

期刊论文

Linking renewables and fossil fuels with carbon capture via energy storage for a sustainable energy future

Dawid P. Hanak, Vasilije Manovic

期刊论文

Levelized costs of the energy chains of new energy vehicles targeted at carbon neutrality in China

期刊论文

Energy neutrality potential of wastewater treatment plants: A novel evaluation framework integratingenergy efficiency and recovery

期刊论文

Energy consumption of 270 schools in Tianjin, China

Jincheng XING,Junjie CHEN,Jihong LING

期刊论文

Water, energy and food interactions–Challenges and opportunities

Gustaf OLSSON

期刊论文